ABSTRACT
Chemical and biological sensors have advanced tremendously during the past two
decades thanks to the advances in nanotechnology and nanofabrication. The state of
the art of chemical and biological sensors is an integrated sensor known as a “Lab on
a Chip.” The market for Lab on a Chip products is expected to reach $14 billion in
2018 [1]. The Lab on a Chip concept is currently believed to be the ultimate solution
for poorly equipped medical facilities and mobile healthcare platforms that lack the
capabilities of a fully equipped laboratory. The Lab on Chip solutions that currently
exist can easily perform diagnostic operations such as microorganism detection and
characterization, flow cytometry applications, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in
addition to many others.
