ABSTRACT
The continuous growth of energy demand around the world and the environmentalpollutionresultingfromglobalwarminghavetriggeredglobalresearchtoward theexploitationofcleanandrenewableenergysourcesoverthepastdecadesasthe resourcesofcoal,oil,andnaturalgasaredwindlingrapidly.1 Solar energy is generallyconsideredasthemostpromisingwaytosolvetheglobalenergycrisisasitis availableprofuselyinmostoftheworld’sregions,isinexhaustible,andcanbeused fordirectelectricityproductionbymeansofphotovoltaicandphotoelectrochemical cells.Inthiscontext,dye-sensitizedsolarcells(DSSCs)haveattractedtremendous attention as an economical solar energy conversion device that offers several advantagesovertraditionalsilicon-basedp-njunctiondevicessuchaslowcostandsimpler fabricationprocedures.Furthermore,DSSCsdisplayhigheref›cienciesatlowlight levels and the angle of the incident light has no great effect on the performance.
