ABSTRACT
Nanoparticles are being developed and utilized for many biological applications: drug delivery,1-4 as imaging agents,5-8 and for diagnostic purposes.9,10 In addition to biomedical applications, the risk of serious health effects and toxicity on environmental or occupational exposure for nanoparticles remains.11-13 Although some studies evaluating the toxicity and biological fate of nanoparticles have been reported, a comprehensive understanding on how size, shape, composition, and surface properties inuence nanoparticle fate in biological systems is still lacking.
