ABSTRACT
Computations .................................................................... 292 15.2.2.1 Time Dependent Flows ...................................... 292 15.2.3 Basics of Hydrodynamics ................................................. 292 15.2.4 Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) Theory ............................... 293 15.2.5 Electric Forces in Fluids ................................................... 295 15.2.6 Dimensionless Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics ............ 295 15.2.7 Detection of X-Ray Generated by Electrospinning .......... 296
15.3 Modeling Electrospinning of Nanofibers .................................... 297 15.3.1 An Outlook to Significant Models.................................... 298 15.3.1.1 Leaky Dielectric Model ..................................... 298 15.3.1.2 Whipping Model ................................................ 299 15.3.1.3 A Model for Shape Evaluation of Electrospinning
Droplets ............................................................................ 300
15.3.1.4 Nonlinear Model ........................................................... 300 15.3.1.5 A Mathematical Model For Electrospinning Process
Under Coupled Field Forces ............................................. 301 15.3.1.6 Slender-Body Model ..................................................... 301 15.3.1.7 A Model for Electrospinning Viscoelastic Fluids ......... 304 15.3.1.8 Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) ............................... 304 15.3.1.9 Mathematical Model for AC-Electrospinning .............. 304 15.3.1.10 Allometry in Electrospinning ...................................... 305 15.3.1.11 Multiple Jet Modeling ................................................. 306 15.3.1.12 A Mathematical Model of the Magnetic Electrospinning
Process .............................................................................. 307 15.3.1.13 Electrospinning Nanoporous Materials Model ........... 307
15.4 Summary and Outlook ................................................................. 308 Keywords .............................................................................................. 309 References ............................................................................................. 310
15.1 INTRODUCTION
Electrospinning is a simple and relatively inexpensive mean of manufacturing high volume production of very thin fibers (more typically 100 nm to 1 micron) and lengths up to kilometers from a vast variety of materials including polymers, composites and ceramics [1-2]. Electrospinning technology was first developed and patented by Formhals [3] in the 1930s, and a few years later the actual developments were triggered by Reneker and co-workers [4]. These techniques are investigated and developed to satisfy the increasing needs for the refined nanosize hybrid fibers based on commercial polymers, various [5]. In this method, nanofibers produced by solidification of a polymer solution stretched by an electric field [6-8] , which can be applied in different areas including wound dressing, drug or gene delivery vehicles, biosensors, fuel cell membranes and electronics, tissue-engineering processes [7, 9-10].
