ABSTRACT
Figure 3.2 Muscles of the left orbit.2 ∑ Oculoplastic surgery. This is also known as corrective, cosmetic, and reconstructive surgery. While the focus of most ophthalmic surgeries is the eyeball itself, this surgical operation is concerned with the tissue and anatomic structures surrounding the eye, such as the orbit, eyelids, and tear ducts. 2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscles_of_orbit
Ophthalmic surgery is not limited to the aforementioned categories and includes more types such as corneal surgery and eye removal. In the following section, a history of robotics in ocular surgeries is provided. 3.2 Robot-Assisted Intraocular SurgeryRobotic surgery has proved to be useful in surgeries operated in confined spaces. Intraocular surgery, which demands precision manipulation of surgical instruments, an excellent technical skill set, the least tremor, and a high degree of visualization, is no exception. Several robotic systems have been introduced and developed for use in microsurgeries. Meenink et al. (2010) discuss the benefits of a master-slave robot for vitreoretinal eye surgery, which is shown in Fig. 3.3. This robotic system is used to perform surgeries on the inner side at the back of the eye, for example, the vitreous humor and the retina. They claim that the advantages of this system are a comfortable body posture, intuitive instrument handling, downscaled instrument movements, upscaled force feedback, and filtering of hand tremor.
