ABSTRACT
Population growth, development in urban areas and technology, as well as industry has brought an increase in water demand. In addition, climate change and land use have been steadily deteriorating Earth’s freshwater resources in both quality and quantity [62]. e lack of insucient freshwater in many countries has made the necessity of alternative water resources to meet high demand. Treating wastewater positively aects water resources in two ways: reducing wastewater discharge to the environment and wastewater reclamation and reuse in compensation of water decit in arid and semi-arid areas. Water reuse has led to materials and energy recovery, and the life-cycle carbon emissions in the water supply process [22,33,34,35,42,53]. Treated wastewater can be considered for various applications such as irrigation, urban and recreational uses, groundwater recharge, aquaculture, and industrial consumptions. e various uses of wastewater and its importance indicate the necessity
of more studies on waste water reuse. Based on the complexity of the system, an integrated approach is needed. e system dynamics approach is a comprehensive method for studying wastewater and water reuse.
