ABSTRACT
In the previous chapter we pointed out four major genetic parameters in a description of population structure within a species in a certain generation or at the current time. However, in general, over the whole set of generations in the evolutionary history of the population or species, mutations can also play a signifi cant role. Their importance and evolutionary consequences were considered in Chapter 6. Let us remind ourselves
once again which four main genetic parameters defi ne the diversity among populations of a single species: (i) p, allele frequency, (ii) Ne, genetically effective size of population, (iii) m, coeffi cient of migration, (iv) s, coeffi cient of natural selection. In Chapter 8, they were just introduced. Now let us look at them in more detail and consider some theoretical background for these parameters.
