ABSTRACT
Each E was largely the province of one set of players among the myriad institutions whose portfolios impacted on safety outcomes. Over time, sets of players coordinated their efforts in a cooperative manner, sometimes to great effect. For example, random breath testing in Australia required intense police resources and intruded upon innocent drivers, both of which only became publicly acceptable because of intense public education justifying the program to the community and creating a climate of support.174 Similarly, research into the effectiveness of specific measures under each E has proceeded apace and significant advances have been made; for example, decades of research into a range of enforcement strategies to curb drunk driving have resulted in clear guidelines for effective enforcement practice.134
