ABSTRACT
Dynamic simulation is well recognized as a valuable tool at all stages of plant operation and is suitable for solving problems involving transient behavior, such as studying control strategies, stability problems, process interactions, troubleshooting, reliability, and startup and shutdown conditions (Hiller, 1952; Hamer et al., 1961; Khan, 1986; Heitmann, 1990; Hussian et al., 1992, 1993, 1994; Reddy et al., 1995a; Maniar and Deshpandey, 1996; Peter and Bijan, 2003; Gambier and Essameddin, 2004; Mohamed and Abdulnaser, 2008; Kamali et al., 2009). It is becoming increasingly important, with the emergence of environmental concerns and the need to meet a variety of regulations, to understand at the early stages of design the dynamic behavior of plants and the impact of normal and emergence operations on the environment.
