ABSTRACT
Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,
81300 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
6.1 Introduction to Active, Smart, and Intelligent Packaging ...........................218 6.2 Global Market of Active, Smart, and Intelligent Packaging .......................223 6.3 Active Packaging Technology ....................................................................225 6.4 Smart and Intelligent Packaging Technology .............................................226 6.5 Active and Smart Packaging Using a Bio-Switch Concept ........................226 6.6 Key Issues in Food Safety Indicators .........................................................236 6.7 Conclusions .................................................................................................238 Keywords ..............................................................................................................239 References .............................................................................................................239
Packaging has been defined as a socio-scientific discipline, which operates in society to ensure delivery of goods to the ultimate consumer of those goods in the best condition intended for their use. The International Institute of Packaging defines packaging as the enclosure of products, item, or packages in a wrapped pouch, bag, box, cup, tray, can, tube, bottle, or other container form to perform one or more of the following functions such as containment, protection, preservation, communication utility and performance (Roberstson, 2006). Packaging has a significant role in the food processes and the whole food supply chain. Food packaging has to perform several tasks as well as fulfilling many demands and requirements. It has to protect food from environmental conditions such as light, oxygen, moisture, microbes, mechanical stresses and dust. Other basic tasks have been to ensure adequate labeling for providing information to the customer; packaging should be easy to open, has reclosable lids and suitable dosing mechanism. Basic requirements for packaging are good marketing properties, reasonable price, technical feasibility (e.g., suitability for automatic packaging machines, seal ability), suitability for food contact, low environmental stress and suitability for recycling or refilling. A package has to satisfy all these various requirements effectively and economically (Ahvenainen, 2003).
