ABSTRACT
In this chapter, we will use the theory developed in the previous chapter
with several different test statistics based on direct combination of stagewise
p-values, which include (1) method based on individual p-values (MIP), (2)
method based on the sum of p-values (MSP), and (3) method based on the
product of p-values (MPP). We will focus on two-stage designs and derive
the closed forms for determination of stopping boundaries and adjusted p-
values. Many different examples are presented, in which power and sample-
size calculations are based on computer simulations. The methods are very
general, meaning that they can be applied to broad adaptations. However,
the examples provided will focus on classical group sequential designs and
sample-size reestimation (SSR).
