ABSTRACT
The use of antibiotic drugs to treat bacterial infections is a common practice in modern agriculture and the health industry. Antibiotics are the most frequently prescribed drugs in modern medicine. An antibiotic such as penicillin and ciprofl oxacin is a type of drug that is either naturally produced by an organism to gain competitive advantage of growth in the environment or it can be designed to kill or stop the growth of other bacteria. If a bacterium is not affected by the exposure to an antibiotic drug, then it can be deemed to be resistant to that particular chemical. Thus, antibiotic resistance is a survival mechanism of bacteria and other microbes that enable the organisms to overcome or reduce and eliminate the inhibitory effects of certain chemicals or antibiotic drugs. Such organisms are referred to as “antibiotic-resistant organisms” as they continue to multiply in the presence of the given dose of antibiotics.
