ABSTRACT
The effect of all the forces listed above is to cause movement of soil from high points to low points. The most important of such forces is the component of gravity that acts in the direction of probable motion. The various effects of flowing or seeping water are generally recognized as very important in stability problems, but often these effects have not been properly identified. It is a fact that the seepage occurring within a soil mass causes seepage forces, which have much greater effect than is commonly realized.
