,...---..,....--....,..----..-------

The theoretical depth D as calculated by the use of design charts has to be increased by 20 to 40% to give a factor of safety of 1.5 to 2.0 respectively.

20.8 MOMENT REDUCTION FOR ANCHORED SHEET PILE WALLS The design of anchored sheet piling by the free-earth method is based on the assumption that the piling is perfectly rigid and the earth pressure distribution is hydrostatic, obeying classical earth pressure theory. In reality, the sheet piling is rather flexible and the earth pressure differs considerably from the hydrostatic distribution.