ABSTRACT
The chapte r summarise s th e backgroun d t o nozzl e design . Traditiona l area replacemen t method s use d i n B S 550 0 Appendix F an d som e Ameri - can an d Europea n code s ar e considered , an d th e advantage s an d disad - vantages ar e noted . Attentio n i s the n focuse d o n th e approac h i n B S 5500 Sectio n 3.5. 4 [6.1] . Th e wa y i n whic h estimate s o f th e stres s concen - tration factor s fo r a give n nozzl e geometr y ar e obtaine d fo r spherica l an d cylindrical vessel s i s described . Th e manne r i n whic h th e backgroun d theory i s applie d i n th e cod e i s discussed , th e limit s o f applicabilit y ar e considered, an d modification s t o th e basi c approac h t o cate r fo r practica l nozzle design s ar e described . Th e treatmen t o f additiona l loading s du e t o forces an d moment s an d therma l transient s i s considered an d referenc e i s made t o th e relevan t part s o f Appendi x G o f B S 5500 . Finally , ther e i s a brief loo k a t som e researc h wor k carrie d ou t sinc e B S 550 0 wa s first writ - ten an d whic h ma y lea d t o futur e extension s o f th e presen t standard .
