ABSTRACT
In most operations involving mining and mineral processing, the type and concentrations of certain elements and mineral constituents need to be known at various stages. The element and phase constituents are generally obtained by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Application ofXRD involves mainly qualitative and quantitative mineralogical (phase) analysis. The mineralogical analysis is carried out for four major reasons: 1. Exploration. It is essential to identifY a commercially interesting mineralized zone in a
2. Mining (exploitation). An accurate estimate of mined material is important for the efficient operation of a mine, and data are required so that the part of the deposit that is valuable will be evident (grade control).
