ABSTRACT
Off-site techniques Removal for landfill disposal has, historically, been the most common and cost-effective approach to remediation in the UK, providing a broad spectrum solution by dealing with all contaminants. As discussed above, the implementation of the Landfill Directive will result in other techniques becoming more competitive and enjoy a wider usage. Removal to Landfill is suited to sites where sources of contamination can be easily identified and it is local to an approved Landfill site. If used in combination with material-handling techniques such as soil washing, the volume of material disposed at landfill sites can be significantly reduced. The disadvantages of the technique include the fact that the contamination is not destroyed, there are risks of pollution during excavation and transfer; road haulage may also cause a local nuisance. COST CONSIDERATIONS Cost drivers Cost drivers relate to the selected remediation technique, site conditions and the size and location of a project. The wide variation of indicative costs of land remediation techniques shown below is largely because of differing site conditions.
