ABSTRACT
Presence of subsurface water and the rate of its movement during the various stages of excavation and construction play a major role in the design and construction of cut-and-cover structures. Clear understanding of the phenomenon of groundwater movement and the appreciation of the factors influencing it are therefore essential. In this chapter, the principles and assumptions adopted in the solution of groundwater flow problems are outlined, highlighting, where appropriate, their inherent limitations so as to enable reasoned judgments to be made in their application to design.
