of the joint, particularly in the vicinity of the

stress design stress of 1,5 times the ultimate value ; this has recently been reduced to 1,2, due to large hole deformations in the plate or member material stress. European stress value of 3,0 times the yield stress ; this will likely be clear that numerous and highly advanced finite element solution of one-, two- local analyses. Material and geometric properties are of yielding, stability effects, It that investigations of this will of the most important factors for the behaviour