ABSTRACT
The design and maintenance of slopes along the railway right-of-way is a common challenge throughout the world. Slopes, whether along the side of embankment fills or through excavation cuts, are common because of the need to create this man-made topography to minimize railway grades. Hilly and mountainous terrain often necessitates alternating fills and cuts. Railways along river valleys, where grades are the most gradual, typically require numerous embankments and sidehill cut-fills (Figure 7.1).
