ABSTRACT
Carbonization is the process of heating coal at a temperature of several hundred degrees centigrade in the absence of air to produce the following types of material
1 A carbon enriched solid, called coke if vesicular and fused or Char if less porous and not fused
2 liquid products, made up of a mixture of hydrocarbons called tar and aqueous solutions containing a variety of dissolved materials called ammonical liquor
3 Hydrocarbon and other compounds that remain in the form of gas on cooling to normal temperatures
Carbonization is the basis for manufacture of coke and also of many gasification and liquefaction techniques. The relative amounts of each type of product that can be derived from a given coal depend on its petrographic features and on the details of the carbonization process employed.
