ABSTRACT
Advanced manufacturing methods play an important role in the development and prosperity of nations. The need for modern methods that achieve the highest level of accuracy, minimum part size, high production rate, minimum material utilization, and the lowest energy consumption and manufacturing cost became the focus of many scientists and researchers. In order to achieve such goals, near net shape processes are used to produce parts very close to the nal dimensions, thus reducing the need for traditional machining and nishing operations with subsequent reduction in energy, materials, and manufacturing cost.
