ABSTRACT

Introduction ....................................................................................................414 Innovation Dežned ........................................................................................415 Types of Innovation .......................................................................................418 Managing Ambiguity and Uncertainty ........................................................421 Managing Change ......................................................................................... 422 Opportunistic Innovation ............................................................................ 424 Innovation Management .............................................................................. 425 Innovation and Portfolio Management ...................................................... 429

Organizational Context ........................................................................... 430 Portfolio Management ............................................................................. 432 Strategic Alignment .................................................................................. 434 Resource Allocation ................................................................................. 435 Portfolio Balance ....................................................................................... 436

Innovation and Program Management ...................................................... 438 Program Management ............................................................................. 440 Program Management Domains ............................................................ 442

Strategic Program Management ........................................................ 443 Benežts Management .......................................................................... 443 Stakeholder Engagement .................................................................... 444 Program Governance .......................................................................... 445 Program Life Cycle Management ...................................................... 446

Innovation and Project Management ......................................................... 447 Sustainable Innovation ................................................................................. 450 Summary .........................................................................................................451 References ........................................................................................................453

In an ever-changing world, it is widely accepted that organizations must innovate in order to survive. €e phrase “innovate or die” has become a common refrain. €is imperative is succinctly described by Drucker (1993):

But the mission of any organization is not to merely survive; it is to grow. During the recent economic downturn many organizations turned inward and focused exclusively on eœciencies and cost reduction. Although that may be an e¡ective strategy for the short term, it has not proven to be a sustainable approach. €is view is echoed by Kaafarni and Stevenson (2012):