ABSTRACT
Global and Regional Air Pollution: Damage ................................................... 174 Same Pollutants, Different Manifestations ...................................................... 175 Climate Change ................................................................................................... 177
Solar Energy and the Greenhouse Effect .................................................... 177 Aerosols ........................................................................................................... 178 Evidence of Past Climate Change ................................................................ 178 Evidence of Current Climate Change .......................................................... 179
Depletion of the Ozone Layer ........................................................................... 180 Atmospheric Brown Clouds .............................................................................. 181 Acid Rain .............................................................................................................. 182 Smog...................................................................................................................... 182 Attribution ........................................................................................................... 183
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ........................................................................... 183 Sources of Stratospheric Ozone-Depleting Substances ............................ 185 Atmospheric Brown Cloud Attribution ...................................................... 186 SOx and NOx Attribution ............................................................................. 186 Sources of Photochemical Oxidants ............................................................ 187 Aerosol Sources .............................................................................................. 187
Solutions ............................................................................................................... 188 Prevention ....................................................................................................... 188
Decarbonizing or the Transition to Sustainable Energy Production and Use ................................................................................... 188
Monitoring ...................................................................................................... 189 Modeling.......................................................................................................... 190 Mitigating ........................................................................................................ 192
Focusing on Co-Benets ........................................................................... 192 Adapting ..................................................................................................... 192
References ............................................................................................................. 193
Global atmospheric change compounds the damage of several pollution manifestations. Global warming is poised to enhance the conditions for malaria, dengue, plague, and viral encephalitis spread. Contact with pathogens is likely to augment due to immunosenescence in aging populations. As elderly populations have been exposed to now rarer pathogens, they could become a reservoir of reemerging pathogens, airborne and otherwise.
