ABSTRACT
Mankind is unwittingly experimenting with vital planetary processes, with challenges for which conventional science and technology (S&T) are not prepared. These irreplaceable natural processes have been valued at trillions of U.S. dollars every year but the collapse of any natural process is likely not reversible to the same state nor on a human time scale. The S&T communities have to take responsibility for their inadvertent contribution to these changes (Lubchenco 1998), which was only statistically veried in 1971 as environmental degradation in the United States could not be explained by population growth. Production technologies determined by prot-seeking economic elites were blamed. Along came the realization that, rst, much knowledge and energy were needed to solve environmental issues; second, technological xes without lifestyle changes would be popular but
CONTENTS
Issues in Science and Technology ..................................................................... 287 Issues in Science ..................................................................................................288 Issues in Technology ........................................................................................... 289 Patents and Copyrights ...................................................................................... 289 Emergent Solutions: Knowledge Systems ....................................................... 290 Evolving Responsibilities ................................................................................... 291 How to (Re)train for Sustainability .................................................................. 292 Harnessing Ongoing S&T Revolutions ............................................................ 293 Green Chemistry and Sustainable Nanotechnology ...................................... 294 Green Information Technology and Sustainable Computing ....................... 296 IT Material and Energy Consumption ............................................................. 297 Emerging Green IT Solutions ............................................................................ 298 Open Science and Technology ........................................................................... 299 Collective Intelligence in Sustainable Knowledge Societies .........................300
