ABSTRACT
Nanomembranes ....................................................................................................409 20.4 Nanobers for Water Treatment Processes .................................................................... 410
20.4.1 Preparation of Cellulose and Chitosan Nanobers .......................................... 411 20.4.1.1 Cellulose Nanobers .............................................................................. 411 20.4.1.2 Chitin and Chitosan Nanobers ........................................................... 411
20.4.2 Functionalization of the Nanobers ................................................................... 412 20.4.3 Application of Nanobers in Trace Metals Removal ........................................ 413
20.5 Challenges ........................................................................................................................... 413 20.5.1 Opportunities ......................................................................................................... 414
20.6 Conclusions ......................................................................................................................... 414 References ..................................................................................................................................... 415
The extent and dispersion of contaminants in drinking water has generated immense interest from scientists and policy makers in understanding their trend. This is due to the increased deterioration of environmental ecosystems caused by population growth, increased industrial activities, and the advent of modern technologies. The increase in human population has resulted to population density swelling in areas that are in proximity to rivers, lakes, or other sources of freshwater. Moreover, many agricultural and industrial activities are located in areas close to major water sources since water is highly needed in these sectors. The overall outcome of this trend will no doubt add massive loads of both domestic and industrial wastes to these water sources.
