ABSTRACT
Dynamic models describe many operations and processes that take place in several disciplines, including chemical engineering, economics, ecological engineering, management of communications services, and aeronautics, among others. Many processes and applications in the chemical industry are intrinsically dynamic. Such processes include the operation of batch and semibatch reactors, intensively used for the production of specialty chemicals, pharmaceutical and high-value products, and polymers. For continuous processes, dynamic optimization is used in the design of distributed systems, such as plug šow reactors and packed distillation columns, as well as in the determination of optimal trajectories in the transition between operating conditions and to handle load changes. For model building of dynamic systems and model validation with experimental data, parameter estimation also requires dynamic optimization. Moreover, process control problems in chemical engineering, as an example of online applications, require dynamic optimization, especially in the case of multivariable systems that are nonlinear with input and output constraints.
