ABSTRACT
Dedication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
PART 1 Investigation of animalswith urological signs 7
Chapter 2 Radiographic investigations . . . . . 14 Plain films 14
Intravenous urography 18
Retrograde, positive contrast vaginourethrography 25
Retrograde, positive contrast urethrography 29 Cystography 32
Chapter 3 Other diagnostic aids . . . . . . . . . . 36 Ultrasonography 36 Urethral catheterization 38 Centesis 45 Cytology 46 Biopsy techniques 48 Blood and urine analyses 51 Urodynamics 53 Endoscopy 55
Chapter 4 Non-prostatic dysuria . . . . . . . . . 59 Diagnosis 59 Treatment 63
Chapter 5 Prostatic disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Diagnosis 91 Treatment 94
Chapter 6 Urinary tract trauma . . . . . . . . . 106 Renal trauma 106 Uroperitoneum 112 Treatment of urinary tract trauma 112
Chapter 7 Other causes of haematuria . . . . 123 Diagnosis 123 Treatment 128
Chapter 8 Urinary incontinence . . . . . . . . . 134 Urinary incontinence in juvenile animals 134 Urinary incontinence in adult animals 142 Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence 145
