ABSTRACT
Among the natural sciences, only physics assumes the role of an all-embracing discipline because its investigative subject is the universe as a whole. Physics enables a unified approach to all objects of the universe from the elementary particles that constitute atoms to giant astronomical structures. The greatest discovery of the twentieth century is the realization that the physical world surrounding us was nonexistent at one time. There is no other problem of science that could be so challenging as an effort to explain the origin of the universe and to establish the reasons why and how the world arrangement has been regulated. Possibilities to develop the first realistic models for the evolution of the universe have been opened only with a breakthrough in the theory of elementary particles because this theory provides the principal way to understand the laws of nature. The greatest achievements in this section of physics are at first well-known and understandable only for a narrow group of the experts and later become cultural elements alongside with masterpieces of art. The latest particular discoveries in elementary particle physics enables one to describe all natural phenomena within the scope of a unified descriptive scheme and, hence, to establish a link between the macrocosm, where the galaxies and their aggregations are scattered like scarce particles of dust and the microcosm of elementary particles. There are two poles of the world: the giant universe, on the one hand, and the fundamental particles, invisible despite the use of any available microscope, on the other hand. And it has been found that a young universe possessed the properties of a microparticle, whereas some microobjects, for example, microscopic black holes, are liable to harbor whole galactic worlds.
