ABSTRACT
Terraces have a long tradition, and are found in many forms throughout the world. They are widely assumed to be very effective conservation structures, though this is increasingly under challenge. One weakness is that terraces are poorly suited to the steepest slopes currently being brought under cultivation. A second specific problem is the vulnerability of the terrace riser to erosion. Security of land tenure is a pre-requisite for successful terrace development and maintenance. Terracing is often associated with a high population density. Partially because of high costs, economic returns to new terracing are not always positive. Neither do terraces always control erosion to acceptable levels—though the measurement of erosion from terraces is often flawed by the use of inappropriate methodology. Soil and water conservation programmes should be pragmatic, start with what exists on the ground, and should look for evidence of positive local innovation. A key is the connection between conservation and production. Three case studies are presented, from Uganda, Java, and the Philippines respectively. Problems and prospects regarding terraces are reviewed in each. Differences as well as similarities are highlighted.
