ABSTRACT
Corrosion is both costly and dangerous. Billions of dollars are spent annually
for the replacement of corroded structures, machinery, and components,
including metal roofing, condenser tubes, pipelines, and many other items.
In addition to replacement costs are those associated with maintenance to
prevent corrosion, inspections, and the upkeep of cathodically protected
structures and pipelines. Indirect costs of corrosion result from shutdown,
loss of efficiency, and product contamination or loss.
