ABSTRACT
Genetic nature and expression of physiological traits of maize crop has immense influence on establishment, sustenance, perpetuation, and productivity of maize agroecosystem, anywhere in different continents of the world. Historically, morphogenetics and traits relevant to adaptability and yield formation of maize genotypes have immensely affected preferences for it in different agricultural zones. Basically, physiological traits of a genotype has to suit the given environment, in order that maize belt thrives well. In the present context, genetic constitution of maize crop and physiological manifestations relevant to acquisition of soil nutrients and accumulation, light interception and photosynthesis, carbon partitioning patterns and biomass/grain production are important. There is indeed a large pool of genetic variation available with regard to traits that have direct impact on nutrient dynamics and productivity of maize belts. To quote a few examples, maize genotypes that respond to fertilizer supply with high yield are preferred in intensive cropping zones (e.g., Corn Belt of USA). Genotypes that tolerate drought and low N are preferred in subsistence farming zones of Africa. Rooting pattern for example has direct impact on nutrient absorption and C sequestration below ground. Production of foliage influences extent of organic matter that could be recycled or provided to farm animals. During practical agriculture, physiological aspects like rooting depth, nutrient and water recovery rates, growth and biomass accumulation patterns, and grain yield potential have direct influence on nutrient dynamics, as well as maintenance of ecosystematic functions.
