ABSTRACT
I. Introduction ...................................................................................... 484 A. The Fusion of Science and Morality in Vegetarianism .......... 484
II. Vegetarianism in Antiquity .............................................................. 485 III. Vegetarianism and the Medieval Church ....................................... 485 IV. 17th-and 18th-Century Vegetarianism ........................................... 486
A. Thomas Tryon............................................................................ 486 B. The 18th Century ...................................................................... 487 C. Evangelicalism ........................................................................... 488
V. The 19th Century ............................................................................. 489 A. Introduction of Physical Arguments for a Vegetable Diet ..... 489 B. Sylvester Graham and Vegetarianism in America................... 491 C. Vegetarianism in Europe........................................................... 494
VI. The 20th Century ............................................................................. 495 A. Henry Salt .................................................................................. 495 B. John Harvey Kellogg................................................................. 496 C. “The Newer Nutrition” .............................................................. 498 D. The Revival of Animal Rights................................................... 500 E. Environmentalism and Vegetarianism...................................... 502 F. Asian Influences on Vegetarianism.......................................... 502
References .................................................................................................. 503
The history of vegetarianism as a dietary movement has recently been condensed nicely, if inadvertently, in a Jumble, a type of word puzzle that appears in many American newspapers. In the Jumble, several words are presented with their letters rearranged, and the solver challenged to restore the scrambled words to their proper spelling. Certain designated letters in each reconstituted word must then be rearranged into new words to provide an answer to a picture riddle. In the Jumble under consideration, a man in a pith helmet is depicted up to his waist in a soon-to-besimmering cauldron, nervously holding out a book titled
Good Nutrition
. The puzzle caption reads, “What the missionary had to convert the cannibals to.”
