ABSTRACT
Fischer, a British economist and a professor at the University of Otago in New Zealand put forward conceptions of Three Industries in his book Security and Progress in 1931. He analyzed the history of economic development as the emergence, development, and evolution of three industries and highlighted the evolution of industrial structure in the economic development. In his view, the history of economic development can be divided into three stages. In the first stage, the production activities of the humans were based on industry and livestock; in the second stage, they were assigned for the development of large-scale industries; in the third stage, with large amount of capital and labor flowing in, they were directed toward nonmaterial production. In order to adapt to the three major stages of human economic development there was the division into three industries. The primary industry was agriculture and animal husbandry, which was characterized by the direct use of natural resources to provide basic means of subsistence-food; the secondary industry was the manufacturing industry, whose basic characteristics were reprocessing of natural resources, and primarily provided material products other than food; the tertiary industry was the service industry, which was characterized by not providing tangible goods, but mainly meeting the needs of a wide range of service industries beyond material needs.
