ABSTRACT
Here, | ( )ψ t > is the Dirac ket state. The corresponding bra state is denoted as < ψ( ) |t . The time-dependent Schrödinger equation (2.1) is one of the most fundamental and important postulates in quantum mechanics.6-8 In this chapter, we introduce the concept of linear vector (wavefunction) and matrix (density operator) spaces to describe the quantum dynamics of matters interacting with external radiations.
