ABSTRACT
Studies in both animals and humans have demonstrated that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can modulate brain activity in a noninvasive manner. Both techniques can induce changes in cortical excitability outlasting the duration of the stimulation itself (Chen et al. 1997; Gangitano et al. 2002; Hummel and Cohen 2005; Romero et al. 2002). Depending on stimulation parameters, activity in the targeted brain region can be facilitated or suppressed, with variable behavioral consequences.
