ABSTRACT
Antioxidant properties of quercetin are attributed to its chemical structure, particularly the presence and location of the hydroxyl substitutions. The antioxidant activity of pterostilbene was first demonstrated in vitro by its inhibition of methyl linoleate oxidation. Coenzyme Q10 has evidenced activity in preventing lipid peroxidation as an antioxidant, and as an indirect stabiliser of calcium channels to decrease calcium overload. In conclusion, antioxidant supplements are widely used in many sport fields, even though some of them are probably ineffective. Antioxidant properties of quercetin are attributed to its chemical structure, particularly the presence and location of the hydroxyl substitutions. The antioxidant effect of pycnogenol is attributed to the high procyanadin content. Astaxanthin has been shown to be one of the most effective antioxidants against lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in in vivo and in vitro systems. It has potential health-promoting effects in the prevention and treatment of various diseases such as cancer, chronic inflammatory diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases.
