ABSTRACT
Effluent disposal options for on-site systems range from soil absorption in conventional gravity leachfields to water reuse after high-tech membrane treatment. Individual on-site systems are the most prevalent wastewater management systems in the country. This chapter describes the various types of on-site wastewater systems, wastewater disposal options, site evaluation and assessment procedures, cumulative areal nitrogen loadings, nutrient removal alternatives, disposal of variously treated effluents in soils, design criteria for on-site disposal alternatives, design criteria for on-site reuse alternatives, correction of failed systems, and role of on-site management systems (USEPA 2003).
