ABSTRACT
The chapter is devoted to research into the mechanisms of immunomodulating and antiinammatory effects of low-intensity extremely high-frequency electromagnetic radiation (EHF EMR). With the use of immunological tests, it was shown that pronounced immunotropic action of low-intensity EHF EMR is expressed as modication of reactions of cellular and nonspecic immunity. It was revealed that the exposure of animals to low-intensity EHF EMR (42.2 GHz, 0.1 mW/cm2, 20 min) causes changes in chromatin organization of lymphoid cells, reduces an intensity of the cellular immune response in delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction,
9.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 130 9.2 General Statements on Biological Objects and Exposure .................................................... 131
9.2.1 Biological Objects ..................................................................................................... 131 9.2.2 Generating Devices ................................................................................................... 132 9.2.3 EHF EMR Exposure ................................................................................................. 132
9.3 Immunomodulating Effects of EHF EMR ........................................................................... 133 9.3.1 EHF EMR Effects on the Humoral Immunity ......................................................... 133 9.3.2 EHF EMR Effects on the Chromatin State of Lymphoid Cells ............................... 134 9.3.3 EHF EMR Effects on Cell-Mediated Immune Responses ....................................... 134 9.3.4 Anti-Inammatory Effects of EHF EMR................................................................. 135 9.3.5 EHF EMR Effects on Reactions of Nonspecic Immunity ..................................... 136
9.4 Degranulation of Skin Mast Cells under the Inuence of EHF EMR .................................. 137 9.5 Inuence of EHF EMR on Regeneration of Full-Thickness Skin Wounds .......................... 138 9.6 Pharmacological Analysis of Anti-Inammatory Effects of EHF EMR ............................. 139 9.7 Structural Changes in Chromatin of Lymphoid Cells under the Inuence
of EHF EMR at the Inammation ........................................................................................ 142 9.8 Changes in Expression of Clusters of Differentiation in Lymphoid Cells
under the Inuence of EHF EMR......................................................................................... 142 9.9 Changes in the Balance of Mono-and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
under the Inuence of EHF EMR......................................................................................... 145 9.10 Inuence of EHF EMR on Cytokine Prole ........................................................................ 146 9.11 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 147 Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................... 148 References ...................................................................................................................................... 149
reduces the phagocytic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils, and does not inuence the humoral immune response to thymus-dependent antigen. It was found that local EHF EMR exposure induces the degranulation of skin mast cells that is the important amplifying mechanism in realization of EHF EMR action at the level of whole organism with participation of nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. A histamine model of biological effects of low-intensity EHF EMR was proposed, which joins cellular reactions and systemic reaction of an organism to EHF EMR. Using methods of comet assay, ow cytometry, gas chromatography, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, responses of effector immune cells to the inuence of low-intensity EHF EMR were studied in health and disease. A number of key links responsible for realization of additive and synergistic effects of EHF EMR on the cellular and whole organism levels were found. Specically, the EHF EMR caused structural changes in chromatin of lymphoid cells, providing a genoprotective action during inammatory process; activated T-cellular immunity manifested as an increase in the number of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in thymus of exposed animals; substantially increased the content of some n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the thymus of exposed mice; and created the specic prole of cytokines, providing anti-inammatory effect. It is supposed that by means of initiation of certain signaling and effector systems, the directed answer of an organism to a specic combination of effective parameters of the electromagnetic radiation can be carried out. The material presented will be useful for a better understanding of the mechanisms of therapeutic action of EHF EMR and will stimulate further research into the mechanisms of biological action of weak electromagnetic elds.
