ABSTRACT
In an ideal situation, one would want all the applied pesticides to be used up by nothing but the pest alone. This does not turn out to be the case; some are still unused and left as residue. For this reason, there is a need to carry out detailed residue studies in order to determine the occurrence and fate of biopesticides in food and environmental matrices. Of paramount importance is food because it is the primary source of
5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 71 5.2 Biopesticide regulations ......................................................................... 72 5.3 Sample extraction methods ................................................................... 72 5.4 Sample clean-up methods ..................................................................... 76 5.5 Separation methods ................................................................................ 77
5.5.1 Liquid chromatography-based methods ................................. 78 5.5.2 Gas chromatography-based techniques .................................. 80
5.6 Nonchromatographic methods ............................................................. 80 5.6.1 Immunoassay methods .............................................................. 80
5.7 Future trends ........................................................................................... 81 5.8 Conclusion ............................................................................................... 87 References .......................................................................................................... 87
biopesticides entry into the human body. The information from residue studies can also be used for regulatory purposes to protect humans, animals, and the environment.
