ABSTRACT
As discussed in Chapter 1, the ideal behavior of the blackbody is a standard with which the performance of real radiating bodies can be compared. The radiative behavior of a real body depends on many factors such as composition, surface nish, temperature, radiation wavelength, opacity, angle at which radiation is either emitted or intercepted, and spectral distribution of the incident radiation. For this, we need to use spectral, directional, or averaged emissive, absorptive, and reective properties to describe the radiative behavior of real materials relative to blackbody behavior.
