ABSTRACT
This chapter reviews the development of penetration resistance methods for testing concrete nondestructively. These are being increasingly used for quality control and strength estimation of in situ concrete. Among the penetration techniques presently available, the most well known and widely used is the Windsor probe test. The principle of this method, the test equipment and procedures, and the preparation of calibration charts are described in detail. Factors affecting the variability of the test are discussed. Correlations that have been developed between the Windsor probe test results and the compressive strength of concrete are presented. A pin penetration test was developed in Canada for the purpose of determining safe form removal times. The advantages, limitations, and applications of the penetration methods are outlined. The chapter concludes with a list of pertinent references.
