ABSTRACT
Introduction ....................................................................................................................................139 Prevalence.......................................................................................................................................140 Diagnostic Criteria for Diabetes ....................................................................................................141 Trends in Weight, Body Mass Index, and Type 2 Diabetes .........................................................141 Obesity and Comorbidities ............................................................................................................141 Impact of Diabetes and Obesity on Cardiovascular Disease ........................................................142 Impact of Obesity on Type 2 Diabetes..........................................................................................142 Impact of Childhood Obesity on Type 2 Diabetes........................................................................142 Impact of Catch-Up Growth ..........................................................................................................142 Obesity and Dyslipidemia..............................................................................................................143 Pathophysiology of Diabetes: Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Insulin Resistance .......................143 Free Fatty Acids, Obesity, and Diabetes .......................................................................................143 Visceral Adiposity, Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Type 2 Diabetes.........................................143 Visceral Fat Tissue as a Proinflammatory Tissue and Its Role in Insulin Resistance .................144 Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity......................................................................144 Adipocyte Hormones, Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Progression to Diabetes .......................144 Fatty Liver ......................................................................................................................................145 Benefits of Weight Loss in Type 2 Diabetes .................................................................................146 Pharmacotherapy for Obesity and Improvement in Metabolic Risk Factors and Diabetes .........146 Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes by Weight Reduction ...................................................................147 Mouse Models for Obesity-Induced Diabetes...............................................................................148 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................................148 Acknowledgments ..........................................................................................................................149 References ......................................................................................................................................149
Obesity and diabetes are emerging pandemics in the 21st century. Both are major public health problems throughout the world and are associated with significant, potentially life-threatening comorbidities. A strong association exists between obesity and type 2 diabetes. The increase in the prevalence of diabetes parallels that of obesity. Some experts call this dual epidemic
