ABSTRACT
Some Useful Fluids for Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Chromatography .............................. 253 P-ρ-T Table for Carbon Dioxide ....................................................................................................256 Solubility Parameters of the Most Common Fluids for Supercritical Fluid Extraction
and Chromatography ............................................................................................................ 311 Solubility Parameters of Supercritical Fluids ........................................................................... 311 Solubility Parameters of Liquid Solvents .................................................................................. 312
Instability of Modifiers Used with Supercritical Fluids ................................................................ 313
The following table lists some useful carrier and modifier fluids for supercritical fluid extraction and chromatography, along with relevant properties [1-3]. The critical properties are needed to determine successful fluid operating ranges. Where possible, experimental values are provided. In some cases, however, values calculated with a group contribution approach are presented [2]. These entries are marked with an asterisk. The dipole moment is provided to assess fluid polarity, although these values can be temperature dependent, especially with the more complex fluids. Occasionally, conformations change with temperature, resulting in a change in the dipole moment. Data on ultraviolet cutoff are provided to allow the application of UV-vis monitoring instrumentation. Data are not provided if the only electronic transition is in the very low wavelength range, and the spectrum is largely flat. With respect to the halocarbon fluids, if a commonly used refrigerant designator is available, it is presented with the chemical name. The fluids listed here have either been used or proposed for use in supercritical fluid chromatography or supercritical fluid extraction. The reader should also note that some of these fluids (for example, methanol and toluene) will undergo serious chemical degradation under near critical conditions while in contact with stainless steels and other common materials [4-7].
