ABSTRACT
Inammation essentially is described as the complex, vascular, and immune system responses to injury or infections that occur as a consequence of pathogens, irritants, and other noxious stimuli (Mantovani 2009; Mantovani et al. 2008; Aggarwal et al. 2009c). The role of inammation in cancer was šrst proposed by Rudolf Virchow in 1863, when he observed the presence of leukocytes in neoplastic tissues (Aggarwal and Gehlot 2009; Aggarwal 2003). Since Virchow’s initial observation that linked inammation and cancer, both the cause and consequence of inammation in cancer continue to be elucidated (Grivennikov et al. 2010; Kundu and Surh 2008). The inammatory milieu promotes a cellular environment that favors the development of genomic aberrations and the initiation of carcinogenesis (Mantovani 2009). While
13.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 345 13.2 Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor in Inammation-Driven Carcinogenesis .... 347 13.3 Role of Interleukins in Chronic Inammation and Cancer ........................348 13.4 Role of Chemokines in Chronic Inammation and Cancer ....................... 349 13.5 Role of Oncogenes in Chronic Inammation-Driven Cancer .................... 350 13.6 Role of Oxidative Stress in Chronic Inammation and Cancer ................. 352 13.7 Role of Reactive Nitrogen Intermediates in Chronic Inammation
and Cancer .................................................................................................. 353 13.8 Overexpression of Cyclooxygenases Can Mediate
Inammation-Driven Cancer ..................................................................... 354 13.9 Overexpression of 5-Lipoxygenase Mediates Chronic Inammation
and Cancer .................................................................................................. 355 13.10 Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) in Chronic Inammation
and Cancer .................................................................................................. 355 13.11 Role of Transcription Factor NF-κB in Chronic Inammation and Cancer ... 357 13.12 Role of Transcription Factor STAT3 in Chronic Inammation and Cancer ... 359 13.13 Conclusion and Perspectives ......................................................................360 Abbreviations ......................................................................................................... 361 References .............................................................................................................. 361
acute inammation is primarily a self-limiting process and has therapeutic consequences, inadequate resolution of inammatory responses often leads to various chronic ailments, including cancer (Aggarwal et al. 2009c).
