ABSTRACT
German action theory denes an action as follows: “Action is goal-oriented behavior that is organized in a specic way by goals, information integration, plans, and feedback and can be regulated consciously or via routines” (Frese and Zapf 1994). German action theory has been inuenced by activity theory in general and by Rubinshtein (1968), Leont’ev (1978), Vygotsky (1962), and so forth in particular, and some important ideas have derived from Polish praxiology (Tomazevski 1978).
