ABSTRACT
ABACAVIR Trade names: Trizivir (GSK), Ziagen (GSK) Indications: HIV infections in combination with other antiretrovirals Class: Nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor Half-life: 1.5 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: arbutamine, argatroban, arsenic, lopinavir Pregnancy category: C
Skin Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet’s syndrome) (2004): Del Giudice P, J Am Acad Dermatol 51(3), 474
Anaphylactoid reactions/Anaphylaxis (3%) [3] (2001): Frissen PH+, AIDS 15, 289 (1999): Spruance SL, Skin and Allergy News October, 37
Edema (1999): Spruance SL, Skin and Allergy News October, 37
Erythema multiforme Erythroderma (2001): Shapiro M+, The AIDS Reader 11, 222
Exanthems [3] (1999): Spruance SL, Skin and Allergy News October, 37 (1998): Saag MS+, AIDS 12(16), F203
Hypersensitivity (5%) [44] (2009): Perez Prior N+, Farm Hosp 33(3), 155 (2007): Luther J+, Am J Clin Dermatol 8(4), 221 [REVIEW]
Lipoatrophy (2005): Nolan D+, Sex Health 2(3), 153 [REVIEW] (2004): McComsey GA+, Clin Infect Dis 38(2), 263
Lipodystrophy (2002): Bernasconi E+, J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 31(1), 50
Pruritus (1998): Saag MS+, AIDS 12(16), F203
Rash (10-69%) [10] (2003): Lanzafame M+, Infez Med 11(1), 40 (2002): Kessler HA+, Clin Infect Dis 34(4), 535
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (2002): Bossi P+, Clin Infect Dis 35(7), 902
Toxic epidermal necrolysis Mucosal Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki syndrome) (2002): Toerner JG+, Clin Infect Dis 34(1), 131
Oral ulceration (1999): Spruance SL, Skin and Allergy News October, 37
Oral vesiculation (2002): Fantry LE+, AIDS Patient Care STDS 16(1), 5
Cardiovascular Myocardial infarction (2010): Behrens GM+, Curr Opin Infect Dis 23(1), 9 (2010): Worm SW+, J Infect Dis 201(3), 318
Central Nervous System Chills (1999): Escaut L+, AIDS 13, 1419
Fever (2003): Lanzafame M+, Infez Med 11(1), 40
Headache (2006): Castillo SA+, Drug Saf 29(9), 811 (16%) (with lamivudine)
Paresthesias Perioral paresthesias (2001): McMahon D+, Antivir Ther 6(2), 105
Vertigo (2006): Castillo SA+, Drug Saf 29(9), 811 (27%) (with lamivudine)
Neuromuscular/Skeletal Myalgia/Myositis/Myopathy/Myotoxicity (1999): Escaut L+, AIDS 13, 1419 (1999): Spruance SL, Skin and Allergy News October, 37
Rhabdomyolysis (2005): Fontaine C+, AIDS 19(16), 1927 (with ciprofibrate)
Respiratory Cough (2002): Peyriere H+, Allerg Immunol (Paris) 34(10), 359 (2001): Hetherington S+, Clin Ther 23(10), 1603 (10%)
Renal Nephrotoxicity (2006): Ahmad M, J Postgrad Med 52(4), 296 (Fanconi syndrome)
Other Death (2003): Peyriere H+, Ann Pharmacother 37(10), 1392 (1.80%)
ABARELIX Trade name: Plenaxis (Praecis) Indications: Prostate cancer (advanced) Class: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist Half-life: 13.2 days Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: amiodarone, procainamide, quinidine, sotalol
Skin Cellulitis Herpes simplex Hot flashes (79%) Peripheral edema (15%) Pruritus Urticaria
Central Nervous System Headache (12%) Pain (31%) Vertigo (12%)
Neuromuscular/Skeletal Asthenia (10%) Back pain (31%)
Respiratory Upper respiratory infection (12%)
Endocrine/Metabolic Gynecomastia (30%) Mastodynia (20%)
Other Allergic reactions (2006): Beer TM+, Anticancer Drugs 17(9), 1075 (2006): Debruyne F+, Future Oncol 2(6), 677
ABATACEPT Trade name: Orencia (Bristol-Myers Squibb) Indications: Rheumatoid arthritis Class: T-cell co-stimulation modulator Half-life: 12-23 days Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, golimumab, TNF antagonists Pregnancy category: C
Litt’s D.E.R.M.B 2011 Informa UK Ltd 1
Skin Anaphylactoid reactions/Anaphylaxis Basal cell carcinoma (2010): Storage SS+, Korean J Intern Med 25(1), 1
Hypersensitivity (<1%) Malignancies (2009): Oei HB+, Clin Exp Rheumatol 27(6), 926 (23%)
Pruritus (<1%) Rash (4%) (2009): Oei HB+, Clin Exp Rheumatol 27(6), 926 (23%)
Urticaria (<1%) Cardiovascular Cardiac disorders (2009): Oei HB+, Clin Exp Rheumatol 27(6), 926 (18.8%)
Flushing (<1%) Hypertension (2005): Allison C, Issues Emerg Health Technol 73, 1 (7%)
Hypotension (<1%) Central Nervous System Headache (2006): Nogid A+, Clin Ther 28(11), 1764 [REVIEW] (18.20%) (2005): Allison C, Issues Emerg Health Technol 73, 1 (18%)
Vertigo (9%) Neuromuscular/Skeletal Back pain (2005): Allison C, Issues Emerg Health Technol 73, 1
Gastrointestinal/Hepatic Gastrointestinal bleeding (2010): Storage SS+, Korean J Intern Med 25(1), 1
Vomiting Respiratory Cough (8%) Nasopharyngitis (2006): Nogid A+, Clin Ther 28(11), 1764 [REVIEW]
Upper respiratory infection (2006): Nogid A+, Clin Ther 28(11), 1764 [REVIEW] (12.70%)
Local Injection-site reactions
Other Infections [4] (2010): Storage SS+, Korean J Intern Med 25(1), 1 (tuberculosis) (2009): Dejaco C+, Wien Med Wochenschr 159(3-4), 70
ABCIXIMAB Synonym: C7E3 Trade name: ReoPro (Lilly) (Centocor) Indications: Thrombotic arterial disease Class: Antiplatelet, Glycoprotein IIb / IIIa inhibitor Half-life: 10-30 minutes – given intravenously Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: fondaparinux, reteplase Pregnancy category: C
Skin Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) Anaphylactoid reactions/Anaphylaxis [3] (2002): Pharand C+, Pharmacotherapy 22(3), 380 (2001): Iakovou Y+, Cardiology 95(4), 215
Cellulitis (0.3%) Edema (2002): Pharand C+, Pharmacotherapy 22(3), 380
Peripheral edema (1.6%) Petechiae (0.3%) Pruritus (0.3%) (2002): Pharand C+, Pharmacotherapy 22(3), 380
Mucosal Gingival bleeding (2005): Lee DH+, Acta Radiol 46(5), 534 (2 cases)
Cardiovascular Hypotension (2003): Hawkins C+, Allergy 58(7), 688
Myocardial infarction (2004): Kastrati A+, N Engl J Med 350(3), 232 (2003): Ajani AE+, Cardiovasc Radiat Med 4(1), 12 (1%)
Central Nervous System Headache Hyperesthesia (1%)
Neuromuscular/Skeletal Myalgia/Myositis/Myopathy/Myotoxicity (0.3%)
Hematologic Hemorrhage (2002): Choi RK+, Mayo Clin Proc 77(12), 1340
Thrombocytopenia (2010): Tjugen TB+, Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 130(6), 613
Local Injection-site reactions (3.6%) (2004): Dery JP+, Am J Cardiol 93(8), 979
Other Allergic reactions Death (2006): McCorry RB+, J Invasive Cardiol 18(6), E173 (2006): Usman MH+, Heart Lung 35(6), 423
ACAMPROSATE Trade names: Aotal, Campral (Forest) (Lipha) Indications: Alcohol dependence Class: Amino acid (synthetic) Half-life: 20-33 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: none known Pregnancy category: C
Skin Abscess (<1%) Acne (<1%) Dermatitis (2002): Soyka M+, Drugs R D 3(1), 1
Diaphoresis (2%) Ecchymoses (<1%) Eczema (<1%) Erythema Erythema multiforme (1992): Fortier-Beaulieu M+, Lancet 339(8799), 991
Exanthems (<1%) Exfoliative dermatitis (<1%) Facial edema (<0.1%) Peripheral edema (>1%) Photosensitivity (<0.1%) Pruritus (4%) (2003): Oscar MA+, Therapie 58(4), 371 (2002): Soyka M+, Drugs R D 3(1), 1 (37 cases)
Rash (>1%)
See
2 Litt’s D.E.R.M.B 2011 Informa UK Ltd
Urticaria (<1%) Vesiculobullous eruption (<1%) Xerosis (<1%)
Hair Alopecia
Mucosal Oral ulceration (<0.1%) Sialorrhea (<0.1%) Xerostomia (2%)
Cardiovascular Chest pain (>1%) Phlebitis (<1%)
Central Nervous System Chills (>1%) Depression (5%) Dysgeusia (>1%) Fever (<1%) Headache (>1%) (2002): Soyka M+, Drugs R D 3(1), 1 (28 cases)
Pain (3%) Paresthesias (2%) Seizures (<1%) Tremor (>1%) Twitching (<0.1%) Vertigo (3%)
Neuromuscular/Skeletal Arthralgia (>1%) Asthenia (6%) (2002): Soyka M+, Drugs R D 3(1), 1 (16 cases)
Back pain (>1%) Leg cramps (<1%) Myalgia/Myositis/Myopathy/Myotoxicity (>1%)
Gastrointestinal/Hepatic Abdominal pain (>1%) Diarrhea (2005): Boothby LA+, Clin Ther 27(6), 695 (1997): Wilde MI+, Drugs 53(6), 1038
Dysphagia (<1%) Respiratory Cough (>1%) Flu-like syndrome (>1%) Rhinitis (>1%)
Genitourinary Vaginitis (<1%)
Otic Tinnitus (<1%)
Ocular Amblyopia (<1%) Diplopia (<1%) Ophthalmitis (<0.1%) Photophobia (<0.1%)
Other Allergic reactions (<1%) Death (<0.1%) Infections (>1%)
ACARBOSE Trade names: Glucobay, Glumida, Prandase, Precose (Bayer) Indications: Non-insulin dependent diabetes Type II Class: Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor Half-life: 2.7-9 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: none known Pregnancy category: B
Skin Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) (2003): Poszepczynska-Guigne E+, Ann Dermatol Venereol (French)
130(4), 439 Erythema (<1%) (2000): Schmutz JL+, Ann Dermatol Venereol 127, 869
(polymorphous) Erythema multiforme (1999): Kono T+, Lancet 354, 396 (generalized)
Rash Urticaria (<1%)
Central Nervous System Ageusia (1996): Martin Bun N+, Med Clin (Barc) (Spanish) 28, 399
Gastrointestinal/Hepatic Hepatotoxicity (2006): Hsiao SH+, Ann Pharmacother 40(1), 151 (2002): Chitturi S+, Semin Liver Dis 22(2), 169 [REVIEW]
ACEBUTOLOL Trade names: Acecor, Acetanol, Alol, Apo-Acebutolol, Monitan, Neptal, Novo-Acebutolol, Nu-Acebutolol, Prent, Rhodiasectral, Rhotral, Sectral Indications: Hypertension, angina, ventricular arrhythmias Class: Adrenergic beta-receptor antagonist, Antiarrhythmic class II Half-life: 3-7 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: clonidine, verapamil Pregnancy category: B Note: Cutaneous side effects of beta-receptor blockers are clinically polymorphous. They apparently appear after several months of continuous therapy.
