ABSTRACT
In metallic spintronics, many studies have centered around the injection of spin and its manipulation via external magnetic ¢elds or nonequilibrium current e¥ects such as spin-torque e¥ects. Within these studies, the spin-orbit (SO) coupling in the system becomes an important source of spin dephasing and, in many instances, it is important to minimize it in order to enhance the observed e¥ects. On the other hand, in semiconductor spintronics, SO coupling comes to the forefront as a source of spin manipulation and spin generation, becoming a necessary element in physical phenomena of the spin-dependent Hall e¥ects such as the anomalous Hall e¥ect, spin Hall e¥ect, inverse spin Hall e¥ect, and spin-injection Hall e¥ect. žese spin-dependent Hall e¥ects are of course governed by common mechanisms that we describe in the following.
