ABSTRACT
One of the most important breakthroughs in nanoscience and nanotechnology [1,2] is the accidental discovery in 1985 of the fullerene C60, a soccer-ball-like molecule consisting of 60 carbon atoms [3]. For this discovery, Curl, Kroto, and Smalley were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1996. Since the end of the twentieth century, there has been an increasing interest in multiply charged cationic and anionic fullerenes, stimulated by the birth of a new generation of high-energy collision experiments,* in which di erent kinds of energetic projectiles are used. For example, cationic 60C q+ fullerenes have been and are currently produced in collisions of C60 with fast, highly charged ions [4-16], electrons [17-19], and intense laser pulses [20,21]. Cationic 70C q+ fullerenes have been mainly produced by the electron bombardment of C70 [17,19,22-28].
