ABSTRACT
The lamp is the heart of every lighting xture, but a complete lumi-naire usually includes most of the following: re ectors for directing the light, optics for diusing the light, an aperture (with or without a lens), the housing for lamp alignment and protection, ballast, if required, and connection to a power source. ere is a great variety of luminaries, and the choice is made depending on both the lamp to be used and esthetic criteria. For incandescent lamps, with the exception of spot halogen lamps, all luminaires have a decorative design and character. Various types of re ectors are used in the design of luminaires, such as at, elliptical, parabolic, spherical, and a combination of these (Figure 7.1).
